{"id":19817,"date":"2025-07-24T09:34:01","date_gmt":"2025-07-24T02:34:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/?p=19817"},"modified":"2025-07-24T09:36:44","modified_gmt":"2025-07-24T02:36:44","slug":"tong-quan-ve-cac-ic-so-ic-digital","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/tong-quan-ve-cac-ic-so-ic-digital\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udcd8 T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C IC S\u1ed0 (IC DIGITAL)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p id=\"block-0a4cc165-235e-4d3d-a82b-cd88f20c353f\"><strong>I. IC S\u1ed0 L\u00c0 G\u00cc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-b4eb7d39-80ac-4989-9c06-edb77677ee30\">IC s\u1ed1 (Integrated Circuit Digital) l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u transistor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 0 (LOW) v\u00e0 1 (HIGH). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi IC t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (analog), IC s\u1ed1 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c (digital logic).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7952.png\" alt=\"\ud83d\udcd8 T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C IC S\u1ed0 (IC DIGITAL)\" class=\"wp-image-19818\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7952.png 512w, https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7952-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7952-105x105.png 105w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\ud83d\udcd8 T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C IC S\u1ed0 (IC DIGITAL)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>II. PH\u00c2N LO\u1ea0I C\u00c1C IC S\u1ed0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IC s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 3 nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IC logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c IC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NOT (inverter \u2013 \u0111\u1ea3o)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AND<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NAND<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NOR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>XOR<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>XNOR<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd39 V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>T\u00ean IC<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7400<\/td><td>4 NAND<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7402<\/td><td>4 NOR<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7404<\/td><td>6 NOT<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7432<\/td><td>4 OR<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7486<\/td><td>4 XOR<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IC t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (Combinational ICs)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c IC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 (Decoder): 7447, 74138<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ea1ch m\u00e3 h\u00f3a (Encoder)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecdn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Multiplexer \u2013 MUX): 74157<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ea1ch chia d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (Demultiplexer \u2013 DEMUX)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u1ea1ch c\u1ed9ng (Adder): 7483 (4-bit full adder)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IC tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 (Sequential ICs)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>IC c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u1ea7u ra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd38 Flip-Flop<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SR, D, T, JK Flip-Flop<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 7474 (D Flip-Flop), 7476 (JK Flip-Flop)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd38 Thanh ghi (Registers)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 74194 \u2013 Shift register 4 bit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd38 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm (Counters)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, xung<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 7490 \u2013 Decade counter, 74192 \u2013 up\/down counter<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd38 B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb s\u1ed1 (Digital Memory)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>RAM, ROM, EEPROM<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>III. H\u1ecc IC S\u1ed0 PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic) \u2013 H\u1ecd 74xx<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: 5V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: 7400 \u2013 7499<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh, ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n CMOS<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2. CMOS (Complementary MOSFET) \u2013 H\u1ecd 40xx, 74HCxx, 74HCTxx<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p: 3\u201315V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cdt hao \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5u th\u1ea5p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: CD4011, CD4020<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>IV. K\u00dd HI\u1ec6U V\u00c0 S\u01a0 \u0110\u1ed2 CH\u00c2N TI\u00caU BI\u1ec2U<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: IC 7400 \u2013 g\u1ed3m 4 c\u1ed5ng NAND \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +&#8212;+&#8211;+&#8212;+<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 1A |1&nbsp; | 14| Vcc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 1B |2&nbsp; | 13| 4A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 1Y |3&nbsp; | 12| 4B<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 2A |4&nbsp; | 11| 4Y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 2B |5&nbsp; | 10| 3A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 2Y |6&nbsp; | 9 | 3B<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;GND |7&nbsp; | 8 | 3Y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; +&#8212;&#8212;+&#8211;+<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V. \u1ee8NG D\u1ee4NG TH\u1ef0C T\u1ebe C\u1ee6A IC S\u1ed0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>IC s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch logic<\/td><td>7400, 7404, 7432<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u00fang<\/td><td>74161 (Counter), 74138 (Decoder)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n LED 7 \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/td><td>7447 (BCD to 7-segment decoder)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1<\/td><td>IC shift register, flip-flop<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00e1y ATM, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i<\/td><td>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ROM, RAM, IC logic<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/td><td>7490 (Counter), 7447 (Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>VI. C\u00c1C M\u00c3 IC S\u1ed0 PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN (B\u1ea2NG T\u1ed4NG H\u1ee2P)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>M\u00e3 IC<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>H\u1ecd<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7400<\/td><td>4 c\u1ed5ng NAND 2 ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7402<\/td><td>4 c\u1ed5ng NOR 2 ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7404<\/td><td>6 c\u1ed5ng NOT (inverter)<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7408<\/td><td>4 c\u1ed5ng AND 2 ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7432<\/td><td>4 c\u1ed5ng OR<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7486<\/td><td>4 c\u1ed5ng XOR<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>74138<\/td><td>Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 3\u21928<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7447<\/td><td>BCD to 7-segment decoder<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>74161<\/td><td>Counter t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7474<\/td><td>D Flip-Flop \u0111\u00f4i<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CD4011<\/td><td>4 c\u1ed5ng NAND CMOS<\/td><td>CMOS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>CD4020<\/td><td>Counter 14-stage<\/td><td>CMOS<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>74194<\/td><td>Thanh ghi d\u1ecbch song song<\/td><td>TTL<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>VII. L\u01afU \u00dd KHI D\u00d9NG IC S\u1ed0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 datasheet (s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00e2n, m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 IC kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5u ho\u1eb7c ESD (ph\u00f3ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00f9ng t\u1ee5 l\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n IC \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n IC h\u1edf n\u1ebfu y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i GND\/VCC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>VIII. T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Datasheet c\u1ee7a Texas Instruments, Nexperia, ON Semiconductor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00e1ch \u201cDigital Logic and Computer Design\u201d \u2013 M. Morris Mano<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trang web chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 linh ki\u1ec7n: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.digikey.com\/\">Digikey<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/\">TI.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IC s\u1ed1 (Integrated Circuit Digital) l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u transistor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 0 (LOW) v\u00e0 1 (HIGH). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi IC t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (analog), IC s\u1ed1 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c (digital logic).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19818,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1944],"tags":[2366,2363,2181,2364,2365,613],"class_list":["post-19817","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dien-tu","tag-cac-ic-so","tag-day-du-nhat","tag-digital","tag-ic-so","tag-integrated-circuit-digital","tag-tong-quan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\ud83d\udcd8 T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C IC S\u1ed0 (IC DIGITAL) - Trungvu.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IC s\u1ed1 (Integrated Circuit Digital) l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1 g\u1ed3m h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u transistor ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: 0\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/tong-quan-ve-cac-ic-so-ic-digital\/\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" class=\"yoast-seo-meta-tag\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83d\udcd8 T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C IC S\u1ed0 (IC DIGITAL) - 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