{"id":19158,"date":"2025-07-18T14:23:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-18T07:23:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/?p=19158"},"modified":"2025-07-18T14:23:40","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T07:23:40","slug":"ho-den-ho-trang-lo-sau-va-lo-giun-su-that-ve-nhung-canh-cong-vu-tru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/ho-den-ho-trang-lo-sau-va-lo-giun-su-that-ve-nhung-canh-cong-vu-tru\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed1 \u0111en, h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng, l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun \u2013 S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7898.png\" alt=\"H\u1ed1 \u0111en, h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng, l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun \u2013 S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\" class=\"wp-image-19159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7898.png 512w, https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7898-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7898-105x105.png 105w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>H\u1ed1 \u0111en, h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng, l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun \u2013 S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u1ed1 \u0111en l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ed7 s\u00e2u (L\u1ed7 giun) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1 \u0111en, h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a du h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian qua l\u1ed7 giun?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd73 H\u1ed1 \u0111en l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed1 \u0111en (Black Hole) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng trong kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1edfi Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Einstein (1915).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1 \u0111en l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 d\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m (singularity) \u2013 n\u01a1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bao quanh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n (event horizon) \u2013 ranh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 H\u1ed1 \u0111en kh\u00f4ng h\u00fat m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y h\u00fat b\u1ee5i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u00fat khi b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udf20 H\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng (White Hole) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ed1 \u0111en:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed1 \u0111en trong Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1eddng Einstein.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u201c\u0111\u1ea7u ra\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 giun, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 \u0111en?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd suy \u0111o\u00e1n: khi h\u1ed1 \u0111en b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i (theo Hawking), n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udf00 L\u1ed7 s\u00e2u hay l\u1ed7 giun l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1ed7 giun (Wormhole) \u2013 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 s\u00e2u (Einstein\u2013Rosen Bridge) \u2013 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i xuy\u00ean qua kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian, gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch xa nhau trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: G\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2m m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean qua 2 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u2192 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i 2 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng gian, ho\u1eb7c 2 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 du h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed du h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ed7 giun r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef n\u00f3 m\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd17 M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ed1 \u0111en, h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa ba th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Vai tr\u00f2<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ed1 \u0111en<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u1ed7 giun<\/td><td>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea7u ra<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 Trong M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Einstein\u2013Rosen, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 \u0111en c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 giun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2753 Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1eadt hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ed1 \u0111en<\/td><td>\u2705 \u0110\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh (EHT 2019), \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn (LIGO)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>H\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng<\/td><td>\u274c Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00e0o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>L\u1ed7 giun<\/td><td>\u274c Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udce1 C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, nh\u01b0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft d\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed cong v\u1eabn \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem li\u1ec7u l\u1ed7 giun c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\ude80 T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a du h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng gian qua l\u1ed7 giun?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7 giun \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 (exotic matter) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1ed7 giun m\u1edf<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0 kh\u00e1c trong t\u00edch t\u1eafc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Du h\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 song song<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26d4 Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n xa m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83e\udded K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>H\u1ed1 \u0111en l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 giun l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ch\u00fang m\u1edf ra c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 du h\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian, \u0111a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng gian t\u1ee9c th\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd2d V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 giun \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 n\u0103m \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u2013 trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ed1 \u0111en (Black Hole) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng trong kh\u00f4ng-th\u1eddi gian n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec \u2013 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19159,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[796],"tags":[2284,2189,2281,2283,2282,2170],"class_list":["post-19158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vu-tru","tag-canh-cong-vu-tru","tag-ho-den","tag-ho-trang","tag-lo-giun","tag-lo-sau","tag-su-that"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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