{"id":19081,"date":"2025-07-16T11:48:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T04:48:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/?p=19081"},"modified":"2025-07-16T11:48:31","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T04:48:31","slug":"dac-va-adc-la-gi-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-phan-loai-va-ung-dung-trong-dien-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/dac-va-adc-la-gi-nguyen-ly-hoat-dong-phan-loai-va-ung-dung-trong-dien-tu\/","title":{"rendered":"DAC v\u00e0 ADC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>\u2705 DAC v\u00e0 ADC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 (digital) th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (analog).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 (analog) th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 (digital).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Hai lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd (analog) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (digital), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7868.png\" alt=\"DAC v\u00e0 ADC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed\" class=\"wp-image-19082\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7868.png 512w, https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7868-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/trungvu.net\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/IMG_7868-105x105.png 105w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>DAC v\u00e0 ADC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2699\ufe0f Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ADC chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (analog) th\u00e0nh chu\u1ed7i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c (digital) b\u1eb1ng 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu (Sampling): \u0110\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n (theo t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef m\u1eabu (Sample-and-Hold): Gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed h\u00f3a (Quantization): Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t theo \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e3 h\u00f3a (Encoding): Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0e V\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u1edbi ADC 8-bit, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n 2\u2078 = 256 m\u1ee9c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1, trong d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 0\u20135V), m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc ~0.0195V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a DAC (Digital to Analog Converter)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DAC th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xu\u1ea5t ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0e V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khi truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh t\u1eeb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn loa, DAC bi\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u analog \u0111\u1ec3 loa ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83e\uddea Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i DAC v\u00e0 ADC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ADC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i ADC<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SAR (Successive Approximation)<\/td><td>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td><td>Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sigma-Delta (\u03a3\u0394)<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao, \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u<\/td><td>Audio, \u0111o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Flash ADC<\/td><td>R\u1ea5t nhanh<\/td><td>Radar, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dual Slope ADC<\/td><td>Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ed1t<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o, \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>DAC ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Lo\u1ea1i DAC<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R-2R Ladder DAC<\/td><td>D\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><td>Audio, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PWM DAC (xung r\u1ed9ng)<\/td><td>D\u1ec5 d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi MCU<\/td><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n m\u00f4 t\u01a1, \u0111\u00e8n LED<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sigma-Delta DAC<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i cao<\/td><td>\u00c2m thanh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udd0d \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a DAC v\u00e0 ADC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb\/\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ADC\/DAC<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Micro \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (Arduino, STM32\u2026)<\/td><td>D\u00f9ng ADC \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, DAC t\u1ea1o t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Loa Bluetooth, smartphone<\/td><td>DAC chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1ea1c s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh \u00e2m thanh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1<\/td><td>ADC s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00e0nh \u1ea3nh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng<\/td><td>ADC chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>M\u00e1y \u0111o \u0111a n\u0103ng (multimeter)<\/td><td>ADC \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p, d\u00f2ng, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcd0 So s\u00e1nh DAC v\u00e0 ADC<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>ADC<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>DAC<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td><td>Analog \u2192 Digital<\/td><td>Digital \u2192 Analog<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/td><td>C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td><td>\u00c2m thanh, \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/td><td>Analog (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c)<\/td><td>Digital (r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/td><td>Digital<\/td><td>Analog<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcce K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DAC v\u00e0 ADC l\u00e0 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u201chi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi analog v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00f4ng minh nh\u01b0 TV, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, robot, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udccc T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a SEO g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DAC l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ADC l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ADC DAC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t DAC v\u00e0 ADC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1-t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ADC trong vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hai lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd (analog) v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (digital), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh, c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1944],"tags":[2180,2179,2178,2181,1208,1917,1606],"class_list":["post-19081","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dien-tu","tag-analog","tag-bo-chuyen-doi","tag-dac-va-adc","tag-digital","tag-nguyen-ly","tag-tim-hieu","tag-ung-dung"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DAC v\u00e0 ADC l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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